金融英语——常用词汇（九十二）

　　credit grading 信用等级
　　Grades an individual or company on how good their credit is.
　　标明个人或公司信用好坏的等级。
　　credit history 信用记录
　　A statement of the debts and obligations, whether current or past, of a person which helps a lender to assess the risk of a loan to that person. A record of an individual's or company's past borrowing and repaying behavior.
　　对某人无论过去还是现在的债务声明，帮助贷款人估计贷款风险。个人或公司以往借款和还款的记录。
　　credit instrument 信用工具
　　A promissory note or written evidence of a debtor's obligation.
　　本票或债务方债务的书面证据。
　　credit insurance 信贷保险，信用保险
　　Protection against usually large losses from unpaid accounts receivable.Optional coverage that pays off the balance of an outstanding loan in the event the insured become disabled, unemployed or die.
　　对未收到应收账款而致的大量损失的保护措施。
　　credit insurance premium 信用保险保费
　　The Premium paid on the insurance against abnormal losses due to unpaid accounts receivable.
　　对因应收账款未被清偿而导致的损失所投保险的保费。
　　credit limit 信用限额
　　The maximum amount of credit that a bank or other lender will extend to a customer, or the maximum that a credit card company will allow a card holder to borrow on a single card.
　　银行或其他贷款人愿意提供给顾客的信用最高额，或信用卡的最高透支额。
　　credit line 信用额度
　　An arrangement in which a bank or vendor extends a specified amount of unsecured credit to a specified borrower for a specified time period. Also called line of credit.
　　银行或贷方对一位特定的借户在特定时期扩大特定数量的无担保信用的安排。亦称信贷额度。
　　credit memo 信用票
　　A form that lists the details of a sales return or sales allowance.
　　详细列出销售退货或销售折扣的清单。
　　credit note 信用票
　　Issued by a seller to a purchaser to record the reduction of a bill because of an allowance, return or cancellation.Opposite of an invoice. A sales invoice in reverse. A typical example is where you issue an invoice for ￡100, the customer then returns ￡25 worth of the goods, so you issue the customer with a credit note to say that you owe the customer ￡25.
　　由于折扣或者退货，销售者向购买者发出的减价通知。与发票相反。
　　credit order 信用訂单
　　A sales order received without payment.
　　没有付款的销售订单。
　　credit rating 信用评级
　　A published ranking, based on detailed financial analysis by a credit bureau, of one's financial history, specifically as it relates to one's ability to meet debt obligations.
　　信用调查机构对一个人详细财务分析公布的信用等级。指运用统计的方法拟定评等或评分的标准，再将客户的各项主要信用属性予以数量化，而按评等或得分的高低判断客户信用品质的优劣。银行可根据此种信用评等的结果作为其对客户授信的基准，实施差别利率，同时也可加强银行的管理单位监督授信业务。
　　credit report 信用调查报告
　　A report on the past ability of a loan applicant to pay installment payments. Several national and local companies make such reports.
　　有关贷款申请人过去分期付款能力的历史详情报告，包括身份信息、赊欠账户和贷款、破产和以后的付款以及最近的调查。几家全国性和地方性公司提供这类报告。
　　credit risk 信贷风险
　　The potential for a borrower to fail to live up to his/her obligations under a loan arrangement. The risk that an issuer of debt securities or a borrower may default on his obligations, or that the payment may not be made on a negotiable instrument.
　　借户可能活不过其贷款债务的潜在可能。债务证券发行人或借款人不履行债务的风险，或可转让支付工具不被清偿的风险。交易双方在交割时或交割后无法履行契约中规定义务时所产生的风险，又可称为违约风险。例如，当借款人无法履行偿还义务时导致贷款人所承担的风险。
　　credit score 信贷得分
　　A measure of credit risk calculated from a credit report using a standardized formula. The number produced by an analysis of an individual's credit history.
　　运用标准公式，由信用报告得出的衡量信用风险的指标。